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Loans & EMI

Smart Loan Prepayment Strategies

7 min read
Updated Dec 2024
Loan Prepayment Strategies

💡 Key Takeaway

Prepaying your loan can save lakhs in interest, but timing and strategy matter. Focus on high-interest loans first, prepay early in the loan tenure, and choose EMI reduction over tenure reduction for maximum savings.

What is Loan Prepayment?

Loan prepayment means paying extra money towards your loan principal before the scheduled due date. This reduces your outstanding principal, which in turn reduces the interest you'll pay over the loan tenure.

Example: Power of Prepayment

Loan Details
Loan Amount:
₹30,00,000
Interest Rate:
8.5% p.a.
Tenure:
20 years
Monthly EMI:
₹25,900
Scenario: Prepay ₹2 lakh annually
Without Prepayment:₹32.16 lakh interest
With Prepayment:₹18.45 lakh interest
Interest Saved:₹13.71 lakh
Loan closes in:11 years (9 years early!)

When Should You Prepay?

Prepay When:

  • You have surplus funds (bonus, inheritance)
  • Emergency fund is already built (6-12 months)
  • Loan interest rate is high (>9%)
  • You're in early years of loan (first 5-7 years)
  • No better investment opportunity available

Don't Prepay When:

  • You don't have emergency fund
  • Loan interest rate is low (<7%)
  • You're in last 5 years of loan tenure
  • Better investment returns available (12%+)
  • Prepayment penalty is high (>2%)

Prepayment Strategies

1

Prioritize High-Interest Loans

If you have multiple loans, prepay in this order:

1. Credit Card Debt36-42% p.a.
2. Personal Loan12-18% p.a.
3. Car Loan9-12% p.a.
4. Home Loan8-9% p.a.
2

Prepay Early in Loan Tenure

Maximum interest is paid in the first half of loan tenure. Prepaying early gives maximum benefit.

Example: ₹30L loan @ 8.5% for 20 years
• Prepay ₹1L in Year 1: Save ₹3.2L interest
• Prepay ₹1L in Year 10: Save ₹1.1L interest
• Prepay ₹1L in Year 15: Save ₹0.4L interest
3

Choose EMI Reduction Over Tenure Reduction

When you prepay, banks offer two options:

Reduce EMI (Recommended)
Lower monthly burden, more flexibility, can prepay again later
Reduce Tenure
Same EMI continues, loan closes earlier, slightly more interest saved
4

Make Regular Small Prepayments

Instead of waiting for a large amount, prepay small amounts regularly:

Strategy: Prepay ₹5,000 every month
• On ₹30L loan @ 8.5% for 20 years
• Saves ₹15.8L in interest
• Loan closes in 12 years (8 years early)
5

Use Windfalls Wisely

Allocate bonuses, tax refunds, or gifts towards loan prepayment:

• Annual bonus: 50-70% towards loan prepayment
• Tax refund: 100% towards prepayment
• Salary increment: Increase EMI by 50% of increment

Prepayment Charges

Loan TypeFloating RateFixed Rate
Home LoanNIL (RBI mandate)2-4% of prepaid amount
Personal Loan2-5% of prepaid amount3-6% of prepaid amount
Car Loan2-4% of prepaid amount3-5% of prepaid amount

Important Note

RBI has mandated that banks cannot charge prepayment penalty on floating rate home loans. However, fixed-rate loans and other loan types may have prepayment charges. Always check your loan agreement before prepaying.

Prepayment vs Investment: What's Better?

The Math

Scenario: You have ₹1 lakh surplus
Home loan interest rate:8.5% p.a.
Expected equity returns:12% p.a.
Option 1: Prepay Loan
Guaranteed saving: 8.5%
Risk-free, tax-free benefit
Option 2: Invest in Equity
Expected return: 12%
Market risk, taxable gains
Recommendation:
• If loan rate > 9%: Prepay the loan
• If loan rate < 7%: Invest in equity
• If loan rate 7-9%: Do both (50-50 split)

Tax Benefits on Home Loan

Before prepaying home loan, consider the tax benefits you're getting:

Principal repayment (Section 80C)Up to ₹1.5L deduction
Interest payment (Section 24b)Up to ₹2L deduction
First-time buyer (Section 80EEA)Additional ₹1.5L on interest

If you're in 30% tax bracket, ₹2L interest deduction saves ₹60,000 in taxes. Factor this in your prepayment decision.

Calculate Your Prepayment Benefit

Use our prepayment calculator to see how much you can save by prepaying your loan.

Calculate Savings →